Matching
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VOCABULARY
Match each item with the correct statement
below. a. | permafrost | b. | perestroika | c. | soviet | d. | glasnost | e. | taiga | f. | black market | g. | tundra | h. | steppe | i. | czar | j. | chernozem | k. | abdicate |
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1.
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governing council
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2.
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Russian monarch
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3.
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vast former grasslands south of the forests in Northern Eurasia
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4.
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term referring to a policy of political openness in the Soviet Union
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5.
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give up the crown
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6.
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largely treeless zone dominated by small plants and animals adapted to polar
conditions
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7.
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goods and services moving unofficially without formal record keeping
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VOCABULARY
Match each item with the correct statement
below. a. | soviet | b. | glasnost | c. | command
economy | d. | permafrost | e. | perestroika | f. | ruble | g. | chernozem | h. | taiga | i. | tundra |
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8.
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The ____ is a forested region in Russia in which trees do not grow to great
size because of the harsh climate.
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9.
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The rich ____ of the steppes is an ideal type of soil for agriculture.
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10.
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Each republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics had its own ____, or
governing council.
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11.
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In a ____, the government makes all of the decisions about the kinds and amount
of goods to be produced.
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12.
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The currency of Russia is the ____.
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13.
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Gorbachev’s policy of economic restructuring was called ____.
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14.
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Transportation of resources out of Siberia is hampered by the area’s
____, or permanently frozen soil.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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KEY GEOGRAPHIC CONCEPTS AND SKILLS
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15.
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Almost half of Russia’s land is
a. | steppes. | c. | forest. | b. | tundra. | d. | mountains. |
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16.
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Compared with life under the Soviet system, in today’s Russia, all of the
following have increased except
a. | life expectancy. | c. | divorce. | b. | black market economy. | d. | alcoholism. |
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17.
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How did Albania respond in the past to feeling threatened by its
neighbor?
a. | by aligning itself with strong Islamic governments | b. | by leading the push
for democracy and free enterprise | c. | by isolating itself | d. | by trying to
reestablish its Roman Catholic ties to Europe |
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18.
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of Siberia?
a. | It has a low population density. | b. | It has few natural
resources. | c. | It is located in Asia. | d. | It is cool and swampy, with a layer of
permanently frozen soil. |
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19.
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Which of the following is equally true of Czechs, Slovaks, and
Hungarians?
a. | They all were allied with Germany in World War I and II. | b. | None have any
mineral resources. | c. | They share Western outlooks and
ways. | d. | Their populations are largely Turkish in origin. |
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20.
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What is the relationship between the Czech Republic and Slovakia?
a. | Slovakia is the southern region of the Czech Republic. | b. | Fighting between the
two countries has caused frequent border changes over the centuries. | c. | The two regions were
joined together as one country after World War I and were separated peacefully again in
1993. | d. | Although they are technically two separate countries, Slovakia exerts a great deal of
influence over Czech politics and policies. |
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21.
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How can Bosnia-Herzegovina best be described?
a. | as a nation of conflicting ethnic groups | b. | as a unified
nation | c. | as a nation struggling to rebuild Communist ties to Russia | d. | as a peaceful and
prosperous nation |
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22.
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What mode of transportation moves the greatest amount of goods in Russia?
a. | trucks | c. | railroads | b. | pipelines | d. | airplanes |
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23.
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The basic landform pattern of Central Europe and Northern Eurasia consists
of
a. | plains in the west, lakes and mountains along the southern border, and mountains in
the east. | b. | elevated plains spreading across the entire region. | c. | rugged mountain
ranges stretching north and south across the whole expanse of the country. | d. | lakes and mountains
edging the southern border, with plains in both the eastern and western
sections. |
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24.
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The traditional boundary between Europe and Asia is formed by the
a. | Caucasus Mountains. | c. | Ural Mountains. | b. | Volga River. | d. | Yenisei River. |
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25.
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Which of the following is not an accurate statement about Russia?
a. | It is the largest country in the world in terms of land area. | b. | Of its mountain
ranges, the Urals are the highest. | c. | The majority of its land is fairly
flat. | d. | It has Europe’s largest river, the Volga, which drains into the world’s
largest lake. |
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26.
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The major ecosystems of Russia lie in bands that stretch the nation in which of
the following orders?
a. | tundra, taiga, steppes | c. | permafrost, chernozem, steppes | b. | steppes, taiga,
tundra | d. | tundra, permafrost,
chernozem |
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27.
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Multiethnicity is common in Central Europe mainly because of
a. | a long history of tolerance of ethnic and religious differences. | b. | government policy,
particularly during the Ottoman Empire. | c. | the need to share scarce natural
resources. | d. | a lack of physical barriers that deter migration. |
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28.
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Following the breakup of the Soviet Union, the economies of Central European and
Northern Eurasian countries generally moved from
a. | communism to socialism. | b. | impoverishment to
prosperity. | c. | communism to capitalism. | d. | recession to
depression. |
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29.
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Which of the following is an accurate description of the physical
characteristics of Poland?
a. | thick forests, large reserves of coal, petroleum, and natural gas, mountainous region
in the northeast | b. | mainly flat landscape, fertile soil except in the east and northeast, many lakes,
large deposits of coal, sulfur, and copper, mountainous region in the south | c. | landscape dominated
by plateaus, mountains, and high ridges, flat lands near riverbanks, large deposits of sulfur and
copper in the northeast | d. | fertile soil only along riverbanks, mountainous
region in the northwest, few mineral resources |
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30.
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The Cold War was characterized by all of the following except
a. | tensions between organized religions and the Communist party. | b. | a series of military
battles between the United States and Russia. | c. | control, by the Soviet Union, of many countries
and regions that lie near its borders. | d. | repression of people who disagreed with the
Soviet government. |
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31.
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Siberia has experienced many environmental problems because of
a. | fighting during World War II. | b. | policies during the Soviet
era. | c. | difficulties transporting people and goods over its terrain. | d. | a nuclear power
plant accident that has yet to be adequately cleaned up. |
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32.
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By instituting perestroika, Gorbachev attempted to
a. | gradually introduce privatization. | b. | revitalize the command
economy. | c. | dismantle the Communist government. | d. | grant independence to the Baltic
republics. |
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33.
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Which of the following is not a problem for the Polish economy?
a. | price increases | c. | unemployment | b. | continued Russian
domination | d. | difficulty
attracting foreign investors |
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34.
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The Danube River forms part of the natural boundary between which of the
following countries?
a. | Belarus and Poland; Albania and Macedonia | b. | Poland and Slovakia;
Czech Republic and Slovakia | c. | Romania and Yugoslavia; Romania and
Bulgaria | d. | Latvia and Estonia; Lithuania and Belarus |
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35.
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Which of the following is an accurate statement about the economies of Romania
and Bulgaria since the breakup of the Soviet Union?
a. | Romania retained a Communist economic system, while Bulgaria switched to a capitalist
system. | b. | Romania’s economy was partially market-based, so it made an easy transition to
capitalism, while Bulgaria had a difficult transition. | c. | Romania, already in economic difficulty,
deteriorated even more, while Bulgaria deteriorated initially but made economic gains in the late
1990s. | d. | Bulgaria allowed some privatization but the government maintained control of most
aspects of the economy, while Romania converted completely to a market-based
economy. |
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36.
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What institution remained strong in Poland even after the Communist takeover of
the country?
a. | the Roman Catholic Church | b. | Solidarity | c. | the Jewish
community | d. | the Democratic party of Poland |
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37.
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The mountains lying between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea are the
a. | Pamirs. | c. | Caucasus. | b. | Tian Shan. | d. | Urals. |
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38.
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Why do some buildings in Siberia stand six feet off the ground on posts?
a. | for flood prevention | b. | to circulate air and diffuse
heat | c. | for earthquake reinforcement | d. | to regenerate
fuel |
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39.
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According to the map, which of the following is the natural resource found
primarily in the Siberian region of Russia?  a. | natural gas | c. | iron | b. | petroleum | d. | coal |
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40.
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Jeremy told his parents one night that his class had balkanized. What did
Jeremy mean?
a. | The students were starting a revolution. | b. | The students had
broken into small, mutually hostile political units. | c. | The student groups balked at the school lunch
menu. | d. | The students were competing to determine who was the best
leader. |
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41.
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In an attempt at economic reform, the Czech government sold its industries to
private citizens. Which type of economic reform is this, and what was its effect in the Czech
Republic in the mid- to late 1990s?
a. | New Deal, raised the GNP | b. | business exchange, lowered the
GNP | c. | subsidence, increased trade | d. | privatization, reduced
unemployment |
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42.
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I led my union shipyard mates in a strike in the Baltic port of Gdánsk. We
gained worldwide attention in our effort to force the government to make economic and democratic
reforms for the people. Though our movement initially failed, we had faith. In 1990, I was elected my
nation’s president. Who am I, and what is my union called?
a. | Mikhail Gorbachev, People’s Union | b. | Lech Walesa,
Solidarity | c. | Vaclav Havel, Velvet Revolution | d. | Nicolae Ceausescu, Freedom
Fighters |
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Short Answer
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43.
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Which countries did not exist after World War I?
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44.
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Which Central European country was larger after World War I?
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45.
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What new countries were created after World War I?
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46.
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From which country was Czechoslovakia created?
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47.
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From which countries was Yugoslavia created?
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48.
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From which countries was Poland created?
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Essay
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CRITICAL THINKING
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49.
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Drawing Conclusions The political boundaries of countries in Central
Europe and Northern Eurasia have changed many times. What are some reasons political boundaries in
this region have changed so often?
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50.
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Synthesizing Information What conditions in Russia might have led to the
Russian Revolution of 1917?
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51.
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Analyzing Causes and Effects What difficulties has Russia encountered in
its move from a command economy to a market economy?
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