Completion
Complete each
statement.
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VOCABULARY
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1
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A ____________________ (formal, functional) region includes one central place
and the surrounding areas affected by it.
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2
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The thick rock layer around the earth’s core is the ____________________
(mantle, crust).
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3
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Many caves are formed by ____________________ (mechanical, chemical)
weathering.
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4
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Half of the globe is called a ____________________ (hemisphere,
lithosphere).
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5
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The theory of ____________________ (plate tectonics, continental drift) says
that the earth’s outer shell is not solid rock.
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6
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A ____________________ (functional, perceptual) region is defined by
people’s feelings and attitudes.
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7
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Windblown deposits of mineral-rich dust and silt are called ____________________
(loess, moraine).
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8
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The ____________________ (core, crust) is the outer layer of the earth that has
a rocky surface.
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9
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The movement of weathered material such as gravel, soil, and sand is called
____________________ (erosion, sediment).
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10
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Trees that shed their leaves when winter approaches are ____________________
(deciduous, coniferous).
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11
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____________________ (Climate, Weather) refers to an area’s temperature
and level of precipitation over a long period of time.
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12
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The spring and fall ____________________ (solstices, equinoxes) mark the days
when the sun appears directly overhead at the Equator.
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13
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Most areas with ____________________ (continental climates, permafrost) have
cold, snowy winters and warm or hot summers.
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14
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____________________ (Prairies, Savannas) are temperate grasslands.
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15
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____________________ (Climate, Weather) is the condition of the bottom layer of
the earth’s atmosphere in one place over a short period of time.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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KEY GEOGRAPHIC CONCEPTS AND SKILLS
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16
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A geographer would most likely use sonar to do which of the following
tasks?
A. | map the population density of an area | B. | prepare a detailed road map | C. | map a section of the
ocean floor | D. | identify changes in land use over time |
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17
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Which of the following is not used by geographers to determine absolute
location?
A. | the Equator | C. | latitude | B. | distance from the ocean | D. | the Prime
Meridian |
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18
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The largest canyons and deepest valleys were created by
A. | moving water. | C. | wind erosion. | B. | chemical weathering. | D. | plate
tectonics. |
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19
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A geographer would most likely use GPS for which of the following tasks?
A. | to study the ocean floor | B. | to chart the growth of a
city | C. | to provide detailed information about a location | D. | to determine whether
or not a community needs to build a new school |
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20
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The conquest of Mexico by the Spanish best illustrates the geographic theme
of
A. | location. | C. | movement. | B. | place. | D. | region. |
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21
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Converting land used for farming into land used for a housing development is an
example of which of the following?
A. | perceptual region | C. | human-environment interaction | B. | relative
location | D. | type of
ecosystem |
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22
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The greatest agent of erosion is
A. | wind. | C. | running water. | B. | sediment. | D. | acid rain. |
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23
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Which of the following has been responsible for the declining death rate in many
of the world’s less industrialized nations?
A. | a declining birthrate | B. | migration to rural areas, where living
conditions are better | C. | absence of diseases prevalent in industrialized
nations | D. | improved health |
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24
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Where do most people in Europe and the United States live?
A. | Both Europeans and Americans live mainly in urban areas. | B. | Europeans live on
farms, while most Americans live in cities. | C. | The populations in both Europe and the United
States are spread evenly throughout the two regions. | D. | Most people in Europe and the United States
live in the west, where climates are milder. |
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25
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What would you expect to find in a country with zero population growth?
A. | a high birthrate and a low death rate | B. | more or less equal birthrates and death
rates | C. | a low birthrate and a high death rate | D. | low birthrates and death
rates |
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26
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Which of the following statements refers to a mixed economy?
A. | Industry and agriculture are both important to the economy. | B. | All decisions to buy
and sell are made in a free market. | C. | Government owns and operates all major farms
and factories. | D. | Free market and government jointly make economic
decisions. |
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27
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Which of the following is not an accurate statement about traditional
economies?
A. | They are most common in rural parts of less developed nations. | B. | They generally
produce little surplus goods. | C. | Decisions on what to charge for goods are made
by the local government. | D. | Most goods produced are consumed by the people
who produce them or within a small geographic area. |
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28
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Which of the following statements describes the general trend in world
population since 1950?
A. | World population has grown slowly over the past 50 years. | B. | There are fewer
people in the world today than there were before 1950. | C. | Most countries have reached zero population
growth since 1950. | D. | World population has grown rapidly since
1950. |
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29
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Why are people unevenly distributed throughout the world?
A. | People prefer to live in warm areas near the Equator. | B. | People tend to
cluster in places that have rich soil, fresh water, and mild climates. | C. | Most people live in
regions that have coal and iron ore deposits. | D. | People generally live in cultural regions that
value individual achievement. |
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30
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To be identified as a country, an area must have
A. | a population that shares a common language. | B. | a sovereign
government and a sound economy. | C. | a clearly defined territory, population, and
sovereign government. | D. | an economic and political system, a common
language, and clearly defined water and land boundaries. |
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31
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What kind of government structure does the United States have?
A. | monarchy | C. | unitary system | B. | federation | D. | capitalist
system |
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32
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All of the following are accurate statements about nonrenewable resources
except:
A. | Nonrenewable resources are minerals formed in the earth’s crust by geologic
forces over millions of years. | B. | Nonrenewable resources can be replaced when
they are used. | C. | Supplies of nonrenewable resources vary greatly. | D. | Coal, oil, and
natural gas are among the most important nonrenewable mineral
resources. |
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33
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Why is it important to conserve renewable resources?
A. | The sun’s energy will keep the earth warm for only 2 million more
years. | B. | The environment does not continue to supply or replenish renewable resources after
they are used. | C. | Since natural growth takes time, it is possible to use up renewable resources before
they can be renewed. | D. | It takes millions of years for the earth to
replenish its supply of minerals. |
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34
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Which of the following is a primary economic activity?
A. | subsistence farming | C. | manufacturing | B. | food processing | D. | government |
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35
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Which of the following is not a secondary economic activity?
A. | processing food | C. | making paper from wood | B. | forestry | D. | making cloth from cotton plants |
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36
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How were nonrenewable resources formed?
A. | by intense human labor | B. | by volcanic eruptions along the tectonic
plates | C. | by geologic forces in the earth’s crust over millions of
years | D. | by the power of running water |
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37
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How are natural resources distributed throughout the world?
A. | Most natural resources are found in developed nations. | B. | Most natural
resources lie beneath the ocean floor. | C. | Natural resources are distributed evenly among
all nations. | D. | Natural resources are spread out unevenly around the
earth. |
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38
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Which of the following is an accurate statement about coal?
A. | Coal reserves will run out by the end of this century. | B. | Coal deposits are
more widely distributed than oil reserves. | C. | The worlds largest coal deposits are found in
Australia. | D. | Coal is no longer widely used because it creates air pollution and acid
rain. |
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39
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What factor has helped make commercial farming in developed countries more
successful than subsistence farming in developing countries?
A. | longer growing seasons | B. | better climates | C. | greater numbers of
farmers | D. | modern techniques and equipment |
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Matching
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VOCABULARY
Match each item with the correct statement
below. A. | exports | B. | cottage industry | C. | quaternary economic
activity | D. | commercial farming | E. | geothermal energy | F. | natural
resources | G. | fossil fuels | H. | imports | I. | nuclear
energy | J. | solar energy | K. | subsistence farming | L. | commercial
industry |
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40
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energy produced from the earth’s internal heat
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41
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agriculture with the goal of raising crops or livestock to sell
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42
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a trade that usually involves the production of something by hand
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43
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job that focuses on the acquisition, processing, and sharing of
information
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44
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growing only enough food to feed a family or village
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45
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goods brought into a country
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VOCABULARY
Match each item with the correct statement
below. A. | commercial industries | B. | geothermal
energy | C. | quaternary economic activities | D. | fossil fuels | E. | imports | F. | primary economic activities | G. | nuclear
energy | H. | renewable resources | I. | subsistence farming | J. | tertiary economic
activities | K. | exports | L. | nonrenewable resources | M. | secondary economic
activities | N. | cottage industries |
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46
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Resources that cannot be replaced when they are used are called ____.
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47
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People engaged in ____ pursue activities that serve others.
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48
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Resources that the environment continues to supply or replace are
called ____.
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49
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____ are goods that are sent out of a country.
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50
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Iceland, Italy, Japan, and New Zealand make use of ____, energy that comes from
the earth’s internal heat.
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